As of 1 January 2022, the population of Uganda was estimated to be 47,992,685 people. This is an increase of 3.26 % (1,515,617 people) compared to the population of 46,477,068 the year before. Uganda’s population situation presents a mix of challenges as well as opportunities for the socio-economic transformation of the country. Over the past three decades, child mortality has steadily declined from 61 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2006 to 22 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2016, while the total fertility rates have remained relatively high, at 5.4 children per woman (UDHS, 2016), as compared to the target of 5.1 children per woman by 2020. This has resulted in a rapid population growth where more than half the population is younger than age 15. The high child dependency ratio places significant pressures on public provision of social services and on families who must spend scarce resources on their children’s health and education.